Biomarkers may effectively help diagnose melanoma

Researchers of the University of New Mexico say a test of biomarkers for DNA methylation is possible to help diagnose melanoma earlier and more accurately.

Melanoma is form of cancer that begins in melanocytes or other pigmented tissues such as eyes or intestines.  In 2010, 68,130 new melanoma cases were found and 8,700 died from it, according to the National Institute of Health.

The incidence of melanoma in women under age 30 has increased more than 50 percent since 1980.

The researchers conducted the DNA methylation profiling on melanoma and mole tissues after biopsy, which offered the reliable data.  They then pinpointed sites on 22 genes, which have different methylation levels between melanomas and non-melanoma lesions, and another 12 locations that are highly predictive of melanoma.

"When melanoma is diagnosed early, the prognosis is good. However, once it spreads, it is very difficult to treat. Melanomas and moles can appear similar on the skin and under the microscope making diagnosis of some melanomas difficult. That's why we wanted to determine whether a test for DNA methylation is feasible as a tool for diagnosis," said Nancy Thomas, professor of dermatology and a member of UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center.

To avoid skin cancer, people should use sunscreen with sun protective factor (SPF) 15 or higher and both UVA and UVB protection, wear clothing to protect exposed skin and seek shade, according to Centers for Disease and Control Prevention.

Stephen Lau and editing by Denise Reynolds