Study: Junk Food Can be Addictive
Editor's note: This is the updated version.
A new animal study published online March 28 in Nature Neuroscience suggests something many Americans would have bet the farm on: that eating junk food can be addictive.
The study showed that rats allowed unlimited access to junk foods like bacon, sausage, pound cake, candy bars and other deplorably unhealthy fare gained weight quickly.
And that’s not all; the worst part is that the rats became so addicted to the junk food, they began compulsively eating it, despite the fact that they received an unpleasant electric shock to their feet if they consumed more than was allowed.
In contrast, rats that were given a healthy diet and only limited access to junk food did not gain much weight; more impressively, they knew when they needed to stop to avoid a junk food hangover.
Paul Kenny at Scripps Research Institute in Jupiter, Fla and colleagues observed that the rats on the junk food diet became so addicted that they went on a hunger strike and refused to eat anything for two weeks after the researchers stopped giving them food with no particular nutritional value.
The researchers found the rats under the influence of junk food the dopamine D2 receptor in the brain's reward system suppressed; compulsive eating soon followed.
To confirm that the suppression of the receptor may be the cause of the junk food addiction, Kenny used a virus to artificially suppress the receptor implicated in addiction to cocaine and heroin that had been previously introduced to other lab rats.
Phenomenally, the researchers observed that these rats soon began eating junk food compulsively.
This is an animal study; the findings may not apply to humans. However, there is that altogether reasonable possibility that they just might.
This is not the only study suggesting that food can be addictive. Corsica JA and Pelchat ML from Rush University Medical Center in Chicago published an article in the March 2010 issue of Current opinion in gastroenterology reviewing previous studies and identifying many foods that can be addictive.
According to the authors, foods that are potentially addictive include sweets, carbohydrates, fats, sweet/fat combinations, and possibly processed and/or high salt foods.
The support for the food addiction theory comes from alterations in neurochemistry (dopamine, endogenous opioids), neuroanatomy (limbic system), and self-medication behaviors, Corsica and Pelchat say.
By David Liu and editing by Rachel Stockton



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They found that rats displayed all of the 3 classic symptoms of addiction...to sugar
http://www.healthhabits.ca/2008/12/15/is-sugar-addictive/
In addition to the effect of brain chemicals, researchers have also been looking on the effect insulin plays on junk food addiction
http://www.healthhabits.ca/2008/11/13/why-do-i-crave-carbs/
The ludicrous thing about saying food is "addictive" is the fact we would die if we gave it up completely.
The problem I'm having with this article is the use of the word "addiction". Food, in and of itself according to this definition, is most certainly "addictive".
Perhaps it would be better to write something like, "sugar creates overt cravings for more and more sugar" rather than bandying around a harder hitting, but much more imprecise word.
Just great, first they eliminate normal healthy food and try to stuff us full of aspartame and high fructose corn syrup then when people get fat and unhealthy they want to develop a pill for it which will probably turn out to be worse than the disease.
Yes food is addictive, I've been on it myself for quite some time.
There’s an interesting post over at the Health Journal Club that makes the case that people should just not eat anything that wasn’t a food 100 years ago. Gets rid of the aspartame, bleached GM flour, high fructose corn syrup garbage they try to pass off as food these days. If interested you can read on it here,
http://healthjournalclub.blogspot.com/2010/01/100-year-diet.html
You mention other previous studies suggesting addictive food consumption that may entail items such as sugar, carbohydrates, fats, sweet/fat combinations, and possibly processed and high salt foods. Have these studies proposed which foods have the most impact on a person's brain chemistry? Is there a specific combination of food components, for instance a calculated ratio of fats to sugar, that increases consumption? It seems that some of the foods given to the rats, like bacon and sausage, were higher in fat to sugar ratio than others, such as pound cake and candy bars. Maybe sugar is more of a culprit than fat in this study. It would be plausible that the next step tests only rich fatty foods, like fish and full fat dairy, for their effects on food addiction. Expanded research on this topic could lead to great advances in curing and understanding obesity as it relates to behavior and the brain.
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