Cooking a turkey to perfection can feel intimidating, especially if you are preparing Thanksgiving dinner, Christmas lunch, or a special family gathering. One of the most common questions home cooks ask is, "How long should I cook a turkey in the oven per pound?"
The answer depends on several factors, including the turkey's weight, oven temperature, whether the bird is stuffed or unstuffed, and whether it has completely thawed.
As a general planning guideline, an unstuffed turkey roasted at 325°F (163°C) may take approximately 13–15 minutes per pound, although cooking time does not increase at a perfectly consistent rate as the bird gets larger.
If you are searching for how long to cook turkey per pounds, this complete guide explains everything you need to know. From cooking-time charts and recommended temperatures to seasoning, preparation, and food safety, you will learn how to prepare a tender, flavorful turkey with beautifully golden skin.
Most importantly, you will discover why a reliable meat thermometer is more important than following the clock alone.
How Long Should I Cook a Turkey in the Oven Per Pound?
For a whole, fully thawed, unstuffed turkey, roasting at 325°F is a reliable and widely recommended method.
A useful starting estimate is approximately 13–15 minutes per pound for many whole turkeys. However, the exact roasting time varies by bird size, and smaller turkeys can sometimes require more time per pound than larger ones.
Here is a quick overview:
- 8–12-pound turkey: Approximately 2 hours and 45 minutes to 3 hours.
- 12–14-pound turkey: Approximately 3 to 3 hours and 45 minutes.
- 14–18-pound turkey: Approximately 3 hours and 45 minutes to 4 hours and 15 minutes.
- 18–20-pound turkey: Approximately 4 hours and 15 minutes to 4 hours and 30 minutes.
- 20–24-pound turkey: Approximately 4 hours and 30 minutes to 5 hours.
These estimates apply to unstuffed turkeys cooked in a conventional oven at 325°F.
The USDA recommends cooking whole turkey to a minimum internal temperature of 165°F (74°C), measured in the thickest part of the breast, the innermost part of the thigh, and the innermost part of the wing.
Even when your turkey reaches its estimated cooking time, it is not necessarily ready to eat until these temperatures have been verified.
Turkey Cooking Time Per Pound Chart at 325°F
If you are unsure how long to cook a turkey per pound, a weight-based roasting chart is one of the most helpful tools for planning your meal.
The following table provides USDA approximate roasting times for fully thawed whole turkeys.
| Turkey Weight | Unstuffed Turkey | Stuffed Turkey |
|---|---|---|
| 8–12 pounds | 2 hours 45 minutes–3 hours | 3–3 hours 30 minutes |
| 12–14 pounds | 3–3 hours 45 minutes | 3 hours 30 minutes–4 hours |
| 14–18 pounds | 3 hours 45 minutes–4 hours 15 minutes | 4–4 hours 15 minutes |
| 18–20 pounds | 4 hours 15 minutes–4 hours 30 minutes | 4 hours 15 minutes–4 hours 45 minutes |
| 20–24 pounds | 4 hours 30 minutes–5 hours | 4 hours 45 minutes–5 hours 15 minutes |
Oven temperature: 325°F (163°C)
Safe internal temperature: 165°F (74°C)
Resting time: Approximately 20 minutes before carving.
These ranges are estimates, not guaranteed completion times. Oven accuracy, pan size, turkey shape, and other factors can change how quickly the bird cooks.
Stuffing should ideally be cooked separately. If you choose to stuff the turkey, the center of the stuffing must also reach 165°F.
How to Calculate Turkey Cooking Time by Weight
Knowing how long should I cook a turkey in the oven per pound can help you plan your entire holiday meal.
For a rough initial estimate, multiply the turkey's weight by 13–15 minutes.
Basic planning formula:
Turkey weight in pounds × estimated minutes per pound = approximate cooking time in minutes.
For example, if you have a 12-pound turkey:
12 × 15 = 180 minutes
That equals approximately 3 hours.
However, this formula is only a planning shortcut, not an exact cooking rule. Larger birds do not always require the same number of minutes per pound as smaller birds.
For better accuracy, use the USDA weight-based cooking chart, start checking the temperature before the estimated finish time, and continue roasting until the turkey reaches 165°F throughout the required locations.
Also remember to add resting time when planning when to serve dinner.
How Long to Cook a 10-Pound Turkey in the Oven
A 10-pound turkey is a convenient size for smaller holiday gatherings.
At 325°F, a fully thawed, unstuffed 10-pound turkey typically takes approximately 2 hours and 45 minutes to 3 hours.
If you decide to stuff the turkey, allow approximately 3 to 3½ hours.
For the best results:
- Preheat the oven to 325°F if desired.
- Remove the giblets and neck from the turkey cavity.
- Pat the skin dry with paper towels.
- Season the turkey with herbs, salt, pepper, and butter or oil.
- Place it breast-side up on a roasting rack.
- Begin checking the internal temperature before the anticipated finish time.
- Remove the turkey once the required internal temperatures reach 165°F.
- Rest for approximately 20 minutes before carving.
A thermometer helps prevent both undercooking and unnecessary overcooking.
How Long to Cook a 12-Pound Turkey
A 12-pound turkey is one of the most popular choices for a family holiday meal.
At 325°F, a fully thawed, unstuffed 12-pound turkey generally requires approximately 3 to 3 hours and 45 minutes, using the USDA's 12–14-pound weight category.
A stuffed turkey of the same size typically takes approximately 3½–4 hours.
For a flavorful result, consider rubbing softened butter mixed with garlic, rosemary, thyme, and black pepper beneath and over the skin.
Keep the bird breast-side up during roasting and avoid repeatedly opening the oven door.
Toward the end of the expected cooking period, check the temperature regularly. The turkey is ready when the breast, innermost thigh, and innermost wing reach at least 165°F.
How Long to Cook a 15-Pound Turkey
A 15-pound turkey is ideal for medium-sized gatherings and provides enough meat for a generous family dinner.
When roasted at 325°F, an unstuffed 15-pound turkey usually takes approximately 3 hours and 45 minutes to 4 hours and 15 minutes.
A stuffed turkey generally requires around 4 to 4¼ hours.
Here are several useful tips:
- Use a roasting pan with enough space for air to circulate.
- Avoid overcrowding the oven with other dishes.
- Add aromatic vegetables, such as onions and carrots, to the pan if desired.
- If the breast skin becomes too dark before the bird is cooked, loosely tent it with aluminum foil.
- Check multiple locations with a food thermometer before serving.
The exact cooking time may differ depending on your oven, roasting pan, and the turkey's starting temperature.
How Long to Cook a 20-Pound Turkey
Large turkeys require careful planning because they take longer to thaw, roast, and rest.
A fully thawed, unstuffed 20-pound turkey generally takes approximately 4 hours and 30 minutes to 5 hours at 325°F.
A stuffed turkey weighing 20 pounds generally takes approximately 4 hours and 45 minutes to 5 hours and 15 minutes.
Because large turkeys can cook unevenly, temperature monitoring is especially important.
Check the thickest part of the breast, innermost thigh, and innermost wing to confirm that each reaches 165°F.
Give the cooked turkey approximately 20 minutes to rest before carving.
What Is the Best Oven Temperature for Cooking Turkey?
When preparing a whole turkey, oven temperature plays an important role in food safety, flavor, cooking time, and skin texture.
Cooking Turkey at 325°F
For traditional roasting, 325°F is an excellent choice.
This temperature is the basis for the USDA's standard turkey-roasting timetable.
Benefits include:
- Predictable roasting estimates.
- Gentle, consistent cooking.
- A practical balance between browning and maintaining moisture.
- Suitability for both stuffed and unstuffed whole turkeys.
For first-time turkey cooks, 325°F is an especially convenient temperature because the official cooking-time chart is based on this setting.
Cooking Turkey at 350°F
Many home cooks prefer roasting turkey at 350°F because the slightly higher oven temperature can promote browning and may reduce the overall cooking time.
However, 350°F cooking times are not identical to the standard USDA 325°F timetable.
A turkey roasted at 350°F may finish sooner, depending on its size and the oven. Use a thermometer rather than assuming that a fixed number of minutes per pound will apply.
If the outside becomes deeply browned before the center is fully cooked, loosely cover the breast with aluminum foil.
Cooking Turkey at 375°F
Roasting at 375°F can develop a nicely browned exterior, but the higher temperature may also cause the breast meat to cook faster than the legs and thighs.
This means monitoring the turkey's internal temperature becomes particularly important.
If you use 375°F, check the turkey earlier than you would at 325°F and be prepared to shield areas that are browning too quickly.
For cooks who want a straightforward, weight-based roasting schedule, the 325°F method remains the simplest starting point.
Step-by-Step Guide: How to Cook a Turkey in the Oven
Understanding cooking times is important, but preparation and roasting technique also affect the final result.
Follow these steps for a juicy and flavorful oven-roasted turkey.
Step 1: Thaw the Turkey Completely
Before cooking, make sure your frozen turkey has thawed properly.
The safest and easiest method is refrigerator thawing.
As a general guideline, allow approximately 24 hours of refrigerator thawing for every 4–5 pounds of turkey.
For example:
| Turkey Weight | Refrigerator Thawing Time |
|---|---|
| 4–12 pounds | 1–3 days |
| 12–16 pounds | 3–4 days |
| 16–20 pounds | 4–5 days |
| 20–24 pounds | 5–6 days |
Keep the turkey in its original wrapping and place it in a tray or container to catch any liquid.
Never thaw a turkey on the kitchen counter at room temperature.
A partially frozen turkey will take longer to cook, which can make the usual per-pound roasting estimates unreliable.
Step 2: Prepare the Turkey
Once the turkey has thawed:
- Remove all packaging.
- Take the neck and giblets out of the cavities.
- Pat the turkey dry with paper towels.
- Place the turkey on a clean preparation surface.
- Prepare your chosen seasoning mixture.
Avoid rinsing raw turkey under the faucet. Washing poultry can splash bacteria onto nearby surfaces, dishes, and utensils.
Wash your hands thoroughly and sanitize any kitchen equipment or surfaces that come into contact with raw turkey.
Step 3: Season the Turkey
Seasoning enhances turkey's natural flavor and helps create an appetizing finished dish.
A simple turkey seasoning mixture can include:
- 4 tablespoons softened unsalted butter
- 1 tablespoon olive oil
- 1 teaspoon black pepper
- 2 teaspoons dried thyme
- 1 teaspoon dried rosemary
- 1 teaspoon garlic powder
- Salt to taste, adjusting for a pre-brined or salt-injected turkey
These amounts are a starting point for a medium-sized turkey and can be adjusted depending on its weight and your preferences.
Mix the ingredients until smooth.
Gently loosen the skin over the breast, then spread some of the seasoned butter beneath it. Rub the remaining butter or oil over the outside of the turkey.
You may also place onion wedges, lemon halves, or fresh herbs in the cavity for aroma. Do not pack the cavity tightly.
Step 4: Prepare the Roasting Pan
Choose a sturdy roasting pan large enough to hold the turkey comfortably.
Place a wire roasting rack inside the pan and position the turkey breast-side up.
The rack elevates the bird, allowing hot air to circulate beneath it.
If desired, scatter roughly chopped carrots, onions, and celery around the bottom of the pan.
You can also add a small amount of water or unsalted broth to the pan to reduce the likelihood of drippings scorching.
Avoid filling the pan with excessive liquid, as you want to roast the turkey rather than submerge it.
Step 5: Roast the Turkey at 325°F
Place the roasting pan in the oven.
Use the turkey's weight to estimate the cooking time and plan when you should begin checking the internal temperature.
For example, if you are cooking an unstuffed 14–18-pound turkey, the expected roasting time is approximately 3¾–4¼ hours.
You do not need to constantly open the oven door.
Frequent opening can cause temperature fluctuations and make roasting less predictable.
If the skin begins browning too quickly, cover it loosely with aluminum foil.
Step 6: Check the Internal Temperature
This is the most important part of cooking turkey safely.
Insert an instant-read meat thermometer into:
- The thickest part of the breast.
- The innermost part of the thigh.
- The innermost part of the wing.
Avoid touching bone with the thermometer probe.
All three locations must reach a minimum internal temperature of 165°F (74°C).
If the turkey contains stuffing, measure the temperature in the center of the stuffing as well. It must also reach 165°F.
If any required location remains below the safe temperature, continue roasting and check again.
Do not rely solely on the color of the meat, clear juices, or a pop-up timer.
Step 7: Let the Turkey Rest
Once the turkey has reached a safe internal temperature, remove it from the oven and place it on a stable, heat-resistant surface.
Allow it to rest for approximately 20 minutes before carving.
Resting helps the meat retain moisture and makes carving easier.
You can loosely cover the turkey with foil during this time, but avoid tightly wrapping it if you want to preserve the crispy skin.
Step 8: Carve and Serve
After the turkey has rested, use a sharp carving knife to remove the legs, thighs, wings, and breast meat.
Slice the breast meat across the grain for tender portions.
Serve with your favorite holiday side dishes, such as mashed potatoes, roasted vegetables, cranberry sauce, and homemade gravy.
How Long to Cook a Stuffed Turkey Per Pound
One question that frequently comes up during Thanksgiving preparation is whether stuffing changes the roasting time.
The answer is yes.
Stuffed turkeys generally require more cooking time because the stuffing inside the cavity needs to heat thoroughly.
At 325°F, an 8–12-pound stuffed turkey typically takes 3–3½ hours, while a 20–24-pound stuffed turkey may require 4¾–5¼ hours.
However, cooking time alone cannot guarantee safety.
The center of the stuffing must reach 165°F, just like the turkey itself.
For improved food safety and easier temperature control, the USDA recommends preparing stuffing in a separate baking dish.
This allows you to remove the turkey when it reaches its safe temperature without having to continue cooking it while waiting for the stuffing to finish.
How Long to Cook an Unstuffed Turkey Per Pound
An unstuffed turkey is generally easier to cook evenly and often finishes sooner than a stuffed bird of the same weight.
At 325°F, the roasting time for an unstuffed whole turkey typically ranges from approximately 2¾ hours for a smaller bird to around 5 hours for a large 24-pound turkey.
Although the commonly quoted guideline is 13–15 minutes per pound, use the weight chart rather than applying this formula rigidly to every size.
Unstuffed roasting is especially convenient for beginners because it removes the additional need to monitor the temperature of stuffing inside the bird.
If you want a flavorful stuffing, bake it separately and serve it alongside the turkey.
How Long to Cook a Turkey Breast in the Oven
Not every occasion requires a whole turkey.
A turkey breast is an excellent option for smaller families, casual gatherings, or anyone who prefers white meat.
At 325°F, USDA estimates for bone-in whole turkey breasts include:
| Turkey Breast Weight | Approximate Cooking Time |
|---|---|
| 4–6 pounds | 1 hour 30 minutes–2 hours 15 minutes |
| 6–8 pounds | 2 hours 15 minutes–3 hours 15 minutes |
Actual times vary with the shape, thickness, and whether the breast is bone-in or boneless.
Always check the thickest part of the turkey breast with a food thermometer.
It must reach 165°F before serving.
For boneless turkey breast roasts, follow any specific package instructions and confirm the internal temperature with a thermometer.
How Long Does It Take to Cook a Frozen Turkey?
If you forget to thaw your turkey before Thanksgiving, you may still be able to roast it safely from frozen.
According to the USDA, cooking a turkey directly from its frozen state is possible, but it generally requires approximately 50% more cooking time than roasting a fully thawed turkey.
For example, if a thawed turkey would normally take 4 hours, a fully frozen turkey might take around 6 hours.
This is a planning estimate, not a guaranteed finish time.
When cooking a frozen turkey:
- Set the oven to at least 325°F.
- Remove the outer packaging.
- Place the frozen turkey breast-side up in a roasting pan.
- Begin roasting.
- Remove the giblets once the cavity has thawed enough to access them safely.
- Continue roasting until all required internal locations reach 165°F.
Do not cook a frozen whole turkey in an oven cooking bag.
Also, avoid stuffing a frozen turkey.
For more predictable cooking times and easier seasoning, fully thawing your turkey before roasting is preferable.
Should You Cover a Turkey With Aluminum Foil?
Covering a turkey with foil can help control surface browning, but it is not always necessary.
If you notice the breast skin getting dark while the turkey is still cooking, loosely place aluminum foil over the breast.
This reduces direct exposure to heat and helps prevent excessive browning.
You may also tent the breast during the earlier part of roasting and remove the foil later to encourage browning.
Avoid sealing the entire turkey tightly in foil unless following a specific cooking method designed for that purpose.
A tightly covered bird cooks differently from a traditionally roasted turkey.
The goal is to achieve evenly cooked meat and an appealing golden-brown exterior.
Do You Need to Baste a Turkey?
Basting is a traditional technique that involves spooning pan drippings over the turkey during roasting.
Although basting can add flavor to the surface and affect browning, it is not essential for producing a juicy turkey.
In fact, opening the oven door too frequently can disrupt the oven temperature and extend cooking time.
For moist turkey meat, focus instead on:
- Avoiding overcooking.
- Using a reliable meat thermometer.
- Starting with a properly thawed bird.
- Using butter or oil for surface flavor and browning.
- Allowing adequate resting time before carving.
If you enjoy basting, do it occasionally rather than constantly.
Remember that the turkey's internal temperature is the most reliable measure of doneness.
How to Keep Turkey Moist and Juicy in the Oven
Dry turkey is one of the most common disappointments during holiday cooking.
Fortunately, several simple techniques can improve moisture and tenderness.
Use Butter or Olive Oil
Rubbing softened butter or olive oil over the skin helps encourage browning and adds flavor.
Herb butter spread beneath the breast skin also seasons the meat directly.
Consider Brining
Brining can help turkey retain moisture and improve seasoning.
A dry brine involves rubbing the turkey with a measured amount of salt and refrigerating it before roasting.
A wet brine involves soaking the bird in a chilled saltwater solution.
If your turkey is already labeled as self-basting, enhanced, or injected with a salt solution, check the packaging before adding extra salt or using a brine.
Always keep the turkey refrigerated at 40°F or below during brining.
Avoid Overcooking
The most effective way to prevent dry turkey is to stop cooking once the bird has reached the required safe temperature.
Leaving turkey in the oven long after it reaches 165°F can cause unnecessary moisture loss, especially in the breast.
Let the Turkey Rest
Resting gives the meat time to settle before carving.
Allow approximately 20 minutes after roasting before slicing the bird.
This simple step helps preserve moisture and makes serving easier.
Common Turkey Cooking Mistakes to Avoid
Even experienced cooks occasionally make mistakes when roasting a large turkey.
Here are some of the most common problems and how to avoid them.
1. Cooking a Partially Frozen Turkey Without Adjusting the Time
A partially frozen turkey requires longer cooking than a fully thawed bird.
Allow enough time for safe thawing and use a thermometer to check doneness.
2. Choosing an Oven Temperature That Is Too Low
For conventional whole-turkey roasting, the USDA recommends an oven temperature no lower than 325°F.
Avoid using very low oven temperatures unless following a validated method specifically intended for that preparation.
3. Relying Only on Cooking Time
Weight-based cooking times are approximate.
A turkey may finish earlier or later than expected depending on its shape, initial temperature, pan, and oven.
Always verify doneness with a thermometer.
4. Overstuffing the Turkey
Tightly packing stuffing into the cavity can interfere with even heating.
If stuffing the turkey, fill the cavity loosely and make sure the center reaches 165°F.
Cooking stuffing separately is the simpler and safer option.
5. Opening the Oven Door Too Often
Constantly opening the oven can cause heat loss and affect cooking consistency.
Limit unnecessary checks and use an oven-safe probe thermometer if available.
6. Cutting the Turkey Immediately After Roasting
Carving the turkey the moment it leaves the oven can result in unnecessary moisture loss.
Give it approximately 20 minutes to rest.
7. Ignoring the Safe Internal Temperature
A turkey that looks golden brown is not necessarily fully cooked.
Color and appearance cannot replace a proper temperature check.
Always confirm 165°F in the recommended locations.
How to Tell When a Turkey Is Fully Cooked
The only dependable way to determine whether a turkey is fully cooked is by measuring its internal temperature.
A whole turkey must reach 165°F in the thickest part of the breast, innermost thigh, and innermost wing.
If the turkey is stuffed, the stuffing's center must reach 165°F as well.
Do not assume that clear juices indicate safety.
Similarly, pink meat does not always mean that properly cooked turkey is unsafe. Color can vary for several reasons.
A food thermometer provides a more objective answer than visual appearance.
For the most accurate measurement, insert the probe into the thickest section of meat without touching bone.
How to Store and Reheat Leftover Turkey
Proper storage is just as important as safe cooking.
After your meal, refrigerate leftover turkey within two hours of cooking.
Remove large portions of meat from the carcass and place them in shallow containers so they can cool efficiently.
Cooked turkey can generally be stored in the refrigerator for 3–4 days.
For longer storage, freeze leftovers in airtight, freezer-safe containers or bags.
When reheating turkey, heat it to an internal temperature of 165°F.
To prevent the meat from drying out, add a little broth or gravy and cover the dish while reheating.
Leftover turkey can be used in sandwiches, soups, casseroles, salads, tacos, and other easy meals.
Frequently Asked Questions About Turkey Cooking Times
How long should I cook a turkey in the oven per pound at 325°F?
A common planning guideline is approximately 13–15 minutes per pound for an unstuffed whole turkey at 325°F. However, actual roasting times vary by size. Use a USDA cooking-time chart and confirm that the turkey reaches 165°F in the required locations.
How long should I cook a turkey in the oven per pound at 350°F?
Cooking at 350°F may shorten the roasting time compared with 325°F, but there is no single accurate minutes-per-pound rule for every turkey. Begin checking the internal temperature earlier than you would at 325°F and cook until the required areas reach 165°F.
How long to cook turkey per pounds for Thanksgiving?
For Thanksgiving, estimate the roasting time based on the turkey's total weight and whether it is stuffed. At 325°F, an unstuffed 12–14-pound turkey generally takes 3–3¾ hours, while an unstuffed 18–20-pound turkey takes around 4¼–4½ hours.
Is it better to cook a turkey at 325°F or 350°F?
Both temperatures can produce excellent results. Cooking at 325°F is particularly convenient because the USDA provides a detailed roasting timetable for this temperature. Cooking at 350°F may help the turkey brown faster, but requires attentive temperature monitoring.
How long does it take to cook a 14-pound turkey?
An unstuffed turkey in the USDA's 14–18-pound weight category takes approximately 3¾–4¼ hours at 325°F. A stuffed turkey in the same category takes approximately 4–4¼ hours. These are estimates, so use a thermometer to determine doneness.
How long does it take to cook an 18-pound turkey?
At 325°F, an unstuffed turkey in the 18–20-pound category takes approximately 4¼–4½ hours. A stuffed turkey generally requires 4¼–4¾ hours.
Can I cook a turkey overnight in the oven?
Cooking a turkey overnight at temperatures below 325°F is not recommended for conventional oven roasting. Use an oven temperature of at least 325°F and verify safe internal temperatures before serving.
Should I put water in the bottom of the roasting pan?
You can add a small amount of water or broth to the bottom of the pan to help prevent drippings from burning. However, excessive liquid is unnecessary and may affect browning.
How long should turkey rest after cooking?
Allow approximately 20 minutes before carving. This helps the meat retain moisture and makes slicing easier.
Can a turkey finish cooking earlier than expected?
Yes. Roasting times can vary because of differences in oven accuracy, turkey shape, pan type, and starting temperature. Begin checking temperature before the expected finish time.
What temperature should a turkey be when it is done?
A turkey is safely cooked when the thickest part of the breast, innermost thigh, and innermost wing reach at least 165°F (74°C). Stuffing inside the turkey must also reach 165°F.
Does a bigger turkey take longer to cook per pound?
A bigger turkey generally takes longer to cook overall, but not necessarily longer per pound. Cooking time does not scale in a perfectly linear way with weight. This is why a weight-based cooking chart is more accurate than relying on one fixed number of minutes per pound.
Final Thoughts: How Long Should I Cook a Turkey in the Oven Per Pound?
So, how long should I cook a turkey in the oven per pound?
For a fully thawed, unstuffed turkey roasted at 325°F, approximately 13–15 minutes per pound is a helpful initial planning guideline, but the USDA's weight-based roasting chart offers more useful estimates.
An 8–12-pound turkey generally takes approximately 2¾–3 hours, while a 20–24-pound turkey may require 4½–5 hours.
Stuffed turkeys usually need additional time, and the stuffing itself must reach 165°F.
Ultimately, successful turkey roasting is not just about calculating how long to cook turkey per pounds. It is about preparing the bird properly, maintaining a suitable oven temperature, checking its internal temperature, and allowing enough time for resting.
By following these guidelines, you can confidently roast a flavorful, tender, and juicy turkey for Thanksgiving, Christmas, or any special occasion.
Remember: Use the clock to plan, but use a meat thermometer to decide when your turkey is done.
References
USDA — Turkey Basics: Stuffing.
USDA — Turkey Basics: Safe Thawing.
USDA — Let's Talk Turkey: Safely Roasting a Turkey.
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