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Diabetes
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes, blood sugar and diet.
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Vitamins
Vitamin D supplements taken in early life prevent type 1 diabetes*
In Lancet data on children of 12,055 Finnish women due to give birth in 1966, those who regularly took vitamin D supplements were 88 percent less likely to have type 1 diabetes than those who took none, and children suspected of rickets were three times as likely to develop it.
Drug
Diabetes drug may also help weight loss*
In a Lancet trial of 564 obese people on a reduced-calorie diet, those taking the diabetes drug liraglutide lost 15 pounds against six on placebo and nine on orlistat, and three quarters on the highest doses shed at least 5 percent of body weight. Nausea and vomiting were reported.
Diabetes
Vitamin D may help reduce type 2 diabetes risk
In a six-month trial, 42 insulin-resistant South Asian women took 4,000 IU of vitamin D3 daily while 39 took placebo. Serum vitamin D rose from 21 to 75 nmol/L, and insulin sensitivity and resistance improved significantly, with the best results above 80 nmol/L.
Diabetes
Nutrition notes:Diabetes Prevention: Never Too Old
Karen Collins reports on a study that followed 4,883 adults aged 65 and older for ten years and attributed 9 of 10 new diabetes cases to five lifestyle factors. Avoiding excess body fat alone cut risk almost 50%, and each additional healthy factor lowered the rate by 35%.
Vitamins
Low vitamin D doubles heart risk in diabetics
Washington University researchers report in Circulation that vitamin D deficiency may double cardiovascular risk in people with diabetes. Without enough vitamin D, macrophage cells take up cholesterol they cannot clear, which builds up in blood vessels and stiffens them.
Drug
Diabetes drug linked to increased risk of heart failure
A cohort study of 40,000 Canadian diabetes patients aged 66 and older found significantly lower rates of heart failure and death with pioglitazone than rosiglitazone, though heart attack rates were similar. The authors stop short of calling pioglitazone safer.
Environment
Radiation raises diabetes risk in cancer survivors
An Archives of Internal Medicine study compared 8,599 childhood cancer survivors with 2,936 siblings and found 2.5 percent had diabetes against 1.7 percent. Abdominal radiation raised the odds 2.7-fold and total body radiation 7.2-fold, unrelated to BMI or activity.
Food
Black tea helps fight diabetes
Chinese researchers reported in the Journal of Food Science that polysaccharides in black tea inhibited glucose more strongly than those in green or oolong tea and scavenged free radicals best, suggesting black tea polysaccharides might be exploited for managing diabetes.
Drug
FDA approves Onglyza for type 2 diabetes
The FDA approved Onglyza (saxagliptin), a once-daily DPP-4 inhibitor meant to be used with diet and exercise to control blood sugar in adults with type 2 diabetes. Side effects include respiratory and urinary infections, headache and rash; a cardiovascular safety study is required.
Disease
Childhood diabetes rates set to soar
A European study of 29,311 type 1 diabetes patients found cases in children under five rising 5.4 percent a year, with experts projecting the number will double between 2005 and 2020. Researchers suspect environmental triggers such as diet, viral infection or C-section delivery.
Disease
Type 1 diabetes -- living with the disease
Sonia Sotomayor has lived with type 1 diabetes since she was eight, and experts say the disease, well managed, should not affect her ability to serve. A French study of patients 50 years into the disease reports life expectancy continuing to improve as care gets better.
Disease
Inflammation may raise diabetes risk
Research in Cell Metabolism reports that a chemokine called CXL5, sharply elevated in the bloodstreams of obese people, is key to insulin resistance in mice. Treating affected mice with neutralizing antibodies or receptor-blocking drugs reversed the resistance.
Other Diseases
Trans fat, saturated fat may induce cognitive decline in diabetics
Among 1,486 diabetic women aged 70 and over in the Nurses' Health Study, higher intakes of saturated and trans fat since midlife were associated with worse cognitive decline. The gap between highest and lowest trans fat intake matched about seven years of aging.
Food
Garlic could help patients with diabetes or high blood pressure
Kuwait University researchers treated diabetic and hypertensive rats with garlic for three weeks and found serum glucose and systolic blood pressure fell, while antioxidant levels including glutathione and vitamin C rose above baseline.
Food
Turmeric may help prevent type 2 diabetes
Mice fed high doses of dietary curcumin had better blood glucose and glucose and insulin tolerance, and obese mice showed less inflammation in fat tissue and liver, a Columbia team found. They speculate curcumin eases insulin resistance by damping obesity-driven inflammation.
Diabetes
Fruit juice linked to increased diabetes risk
Among 71,000 women followed 18 years in the Nurses' Health Study, Lydia Bazzano's team found three extra daily servings of whole fruit went with 18% lower type 2 diabetes risk, while one extra serving of fruit juice went with higher risk.
Diabetes
Foods good for diabetics
ACCORD found that lowering glycated hemoglobin raised death rates among diabetics, while ADVANCE and the VA Diabetes Trial found no cardiovascular survival benefit, though ADVANCE showed less kidney, eye and nerve damage. The piece then sets out nutrition basics for diabetics.
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