On Nov 15, 2016, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force released a final statement on its website to recommend statin use for men and women at certain ages with certain health conditions as preventive medications to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) events.
The USPSTF recommends that adults aged 40 to 75 years who do not have history of cardiovascular disease, but have one or more CVD risk factors and their risk for a 10-year CVD event at 10% or greater should use a statin at a low-to-moderate dose to prevent CVD events and mortality. The risk factors of concern include dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension or smoking habit. The recommendation suggests that use of statins may render a moderate, yet certain benefit for these people.
The recommendation indicates that statin use may not provide certain benefits to adults in the same age group with a similar health condition except having the 10-year risk for a CVD event at 7.5% to 10%. Even if there is some benefit, the benefit may be smaller. The recommendations also suggest that no certain evidence to indicate that adults aged over 75 without history of CVD will definitely render any benefit.
USPSTF explains why it recommends statin use for adults at certain ages with certain health conditions.
It says that stroke resulting from cardiovascular disease accounts for one of every three deaths in the U.S. Statin use at a low to moderate dose reduces the probability of CVD events including MI or ischemic stroke and mortality BY A MODERATE AMOUNT in adults aged 40 to 75 with one or more risk factors and a calculated 10-year event risk of 10% or greater, and BY A SMALL AMOUNT in adults aged 40 to 75 with one or more risk factors and a calculated 10-year event risk of 7.5% to 10%.
Statin use may cause some side effects, but the organization says that occurrence of severe adverse effects like cancer, elevated liver enzyme levels and muscle-related harms is not common. Other potential adverse effects including cataract, diabetes mellitus and cognitive impairment have been reported but not often if they ever occurred.
The full statement can be viewed here.
Keep in mind that statins are not the only solution to cardiovascular risk. Many lifestyle risk factors can be modified to reduce the risk as well. For instance, red yeast rice can be as effective as statins in lowering cholesterol, which is believed to play a key role in cardiovascular disease. (DaviD LiU)
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