A new case-control study conducted in Iran suggests that high intake of vitamin D or maintaining a high serum level of vitamin D may reduce risk of breast cancer, particularly in premenopausal women.
For the study, 135 breast cancer patients and 135 patients without the disease but having the same menopausal status and ages were compared to see if there is any association between serum vitamin D levels/intake of vitamin D and risk of breast cancer.
Women in the fourth quartile of serum vitamin D level were found three times less likely to develop breast cancer, than those in the first quartile.
In an adjusted model, serum vitamin D was inversely associated with the risk for breast cancer, those in the highest levels were 70% less likely to develop the disease, compared to those in the lowest levels.
The inverse association was only significant among premenopausal women.
Dietary intake of vitamin D was also inversely associated with risk of breast cancer. Those in the highest quartile were found at nearly 60% reduced risk for breast cancer than those in the lowest quartile. This inverse association was still significant even after adjustment for confounders.
For the study, cases and controls were surveyed for intake of vitamin D using a validated and reliable 168-item food frequency questionnaire. Serum vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)) was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Jamshidinaeini Y, Akbari ME, Abdollahi M, Ajami M, Davoodi SH. Vitamin D Status and Risk of Breast Cancer in Iranian Women: A Case-Control Study. J Am Coll Nutr. 2016 Jun 22:1-8.
This is not the first study that links low vitamin D levels to higher risk for breast cancer. Also vitamin D deficiency has been associated with elevated risk for 17 types of cancers. It is unknown how vitamin D can help prevent cancer. One possibility is that vitamin D boosts immunity, which is important in fighting cancer. (David Liu)
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