A meta-analysis of 24 prospective cohort studies in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found a dose-response link between dietary glycemic load and type 2 diabetes: each 100-gram increment was associated with 45 percent higher risk, significant above 95 grams per 2,000 kcal.
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Diet
Eating patterns and diets, from Mediterranean to low-carb and vegan.
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Diet
Vegetarian Diet Lowers Cholesterol, Weight, and Blood Sugar
Six obese participants with type 2 diabetes and/or hypertension ate a plant-based, high-fiber diet for one month and lost weight, with lower cholesterol, better blood sugar control and shifts in gut bacteria, according to a study in Environmental Microbiology Reports.
Diet
Plant-Based Diet Can Reduce Breast Cancer Risk
Following 91,779 California teachers for 14 years, researchers found a mainly plant-based diet went with 15 percent lower breast cancer risk, and 34 percent lower for receptor-negative tumors. A diet rich in fish and wine went with 29 percent higher receptor-positive risk.
Diet
Strict vegetarian diet or vegan diet improves metabolic syndrome
Six obese Korean adults with type 2 diabetes or high blood pressure followed a strict vegetarian diet for a month, losing weight and lowering triglycerides, total and LDL cholesterol, HbA1c and fasting and postprandial glucose. Their gut microbiota shifted as well.
Diet
Low-Saturated-Fat Diet Improves Insulin Function
A Diabetes Care study of 518 people aged 15 to 20 in Finland's STRIP project, counselled on heart-healthy eating since infancy, found those with higher fiber and lower saturated fat intakes had better insulin sensitivity.
Diet
Vegetarians live longer than meat eaters
A June 2013 JAMA study found vegetarians less likely to die from all causes, with lower cardiovascular, renal and endocrine mortality than non-vegetarians. Vegans had the lowest risk in every category, while lacto-ovo and pesco-vegetarians matched meat eaters on cancer mortality.
Diet
Low-Fat, Plant-Based Diet May Slow Aging
Among 35 men with low-risk prostate cancer, those prescribed a low-fat plant-based diet plus modest exercise, stress management and social support had longer average telomeres after five years, while controls who made no changes had shorter ones, Dean Ornish and colleagues report.
Diet
Western Diets Bring Alzheimer's to Developing Countries
A Journal of Alzheimer's Disease study analyzing dietary data from people 65 and older in Japan and eight developing countries found that as animal fat and calorie consumption rose, so did obesity rates and the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease.
Diet
Diet during pregnancy and early life affects children’s behaviour and intelligence. (PR)
The five-year NUTRIMENTHE project followed European families to test how B vitamins, folic acid, iron, iodine and omega-3s shape children's development. Folic acid in early pregnancy tracked with fewer behavioural problems, and iodine from oily fish with better reading at nine.
Diet
Calorie Restriction as a Means to Augment Cancer Therapies
Mice with lymphoma were fed either a normal diet or one cut to 75% of usual intake alongside the targeted drug ABT-737, testing the idea that fewer available nutrients would limit proteins such as Mcl-1 whose overexpression is associated with several cancers.
Diet
Calorie restriction can help cancer treatment (PR)
Research published in Blood suggests that restricting calories for a defined period may improve the response to cancer treatment, possibly by limiting overexpression of the protein Mcl-1. Lead author Jean-Ehrland Ricci says evidence on this link has been limited.
Diet
Exercise prevents erectile dysfunction induced by Western diet
Rats fed a Western diet high in sugar and fat for 12 weeks developed erectile dysfunction and poor coronary artery responses, but rats on the same diet that ran on a treadmill five days a week did not, East Carolina University researchers found.
Diet
Calorie restriction likely to extend humans' lifespan
In a six-month randomized trial of 48 healthy sedentary adults, those on calorie-restricted diets lost 10.4 to 13.9 percent of their body weight, fasting insulin fell in all intervention groups, and two longevity biomarkers shifted in a way suggesting calorie restriction could lengthen human life.
Diet
Mediterranean diet cuts colorectal cancer risk
Analysing data from the EPIC study, Christina Bamia and colleagues found people with the highest adherence to a Mediterranean diet were about 10 percent less likely to develop colorectal cancer than those with the lowest. The authors call the effect modest.
Diet
Mediterranean diet, low carb diet cut type 2 diabetes mellitus risk
In a Diabetologia study that followed 22,295 people for over 11 years, those eating the most carbohydrates were 21 percent more likely to develop type 2 diabetes, and those scoring above 6 on a Mediterranean Diet Score were 12 percent less likely than those scoring 3 or under.
Diet
Meal Timing Can Significantly Improve Fertility in Women with Polycystic Ovaries
Prof. Daniela Jakubowicz reports that normal-weight women with polycystic ovary syndrome who shifted calories to a large, protein- and carbohydrate-rich breakfast and ate less later in the day reduced insulin resistance, lowering testosterone and raising ovulation frequency.
Diet
Maternal dietary fat affects autism risk
Kristen Lyall and colleagues compared 317 mothers of children with autism to 17,728 controls in the Nurses' Health Study II. Mothers in the top quartile of linoleic acid intake were 34% less likely to have a child with autism; the lowest 5% of omega-3 intake fared worse.
Diet
Western Diet Unsustainable for Planet
A University of Minnesota study reports 75% of agricultural land now goes to animal production, which needs more land and resources than plant foods, while meat and dairy consumption is expected to rise 68% and 57% by 2030 on population growth and rising affluence.
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