A Swedish study in the Journal of Internal Medicine followed heart attack survivors aged 45 to 75 and found regular chocolate eaters three times less likely to have a second attack. Italian researchers separately linked chocolate to lower C-reactive protein.
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Nutrition
Vitamins, minerals, supplements, herbs and diet: the research on how what we eat shapes our health.
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Food
Fatty acids may affect men's fertility
Among 150 Iranian men, infertile men had higher ratios of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids in blood and semen, while fertile men had more ALA, EPA and DHA. The authors call for research into whether omega-3 supplements could help treat male infertility.
Diet
Mediterranean Dieters Less Likely to Develop Dementia
A Taub Institute study reports that people who followed a Mediterranean diet closely had 40 percent lower dementia risk, and those who added exercise a further 33 percent. The authors stress they found no causal link between diet, exercise and dementia.
Food
Beetroot juice may boost your stamina
Eight men aged 19 to 38 who drank 500 ml of beetroot juice daily for six days cycled 11.25 minutes on average, 92 seconds longer than on placebo. The researchers credit nitrate for cutting oxygen uptake, but did not establish the mechanism.
Vitamins
Millions of US children low in vitamin D (press release)
Analyzing NHANES data on more than 6,000 children aged 1 to 21, Albert Einstein researchers found 9 percent, about 7.6 million, vitamin D deficient and another 61 percent insufficient. They say this raises the children's risk of bone disease and heart disease risk factors.
Food
Drinking beer and spirits raises cancer risk
Andrea Benedetti's team compared non-drinkers with weekly and daily drinkers and found the heaviest beer and spirits drinkers were seven times more likely to develop esophageal cancer, 80 percent more likely to get colon cancer and 50 percent more likely to get lung cancer.
Diet
Too much coffee shrinks women's breasts
A Lund University study of 300 women found a clear link between drinking coffee and smaller breasts. Author Helena Jernstriem said the change is not sudden and there is no need to worry: “They will get smaller but the breasts aren't just going to disappear.”
Vitamins
Sunlight exposure may lower prostate cancer risk
A review of 1,020 PSA-detected prostate cancer cases and 5,044 matched controls found evidence that greater sun exposure may lower prostate cancer risk, though the findings on skin type, burning and time spent outdoors pointed in mixed directions.
Biotics
Probiotics may help prevent colds
In a Chinese trial of 326 children aged 3 to 5, those drinking milk with Lactobacillus had 53 percent fewer fevers and 41 percent fewer coughs than the placebo group, while those given Lactobacillus plus Bifidobacterium had 72 percent fewer fevers. Antibiotic use fell in both groups.
Supplements
Supplements may help cancer survival
In the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study, lung cancer patients who took cod liver oil before diagnosis were 44 percent less likely to die of the disease and other supplement users 30 percent less likely. The authors say they cannot tell whether the supplements explain it.
Food
Green tea prevents blood cancer
Following 41,761 Japanese adults for nine years, researchers found those drinking five or more cups of green tea a day had 42 percent lower risk of blood cancers and 48 percent lower risk of lymphoid neoplasms. The authors say the finding does not establish cause.
Food
Black tea helps fight diabetes
Chinese researchers reported in the Journal of Food Science that polysaccharides in black tea inhibited glucose more strongly than those in green or oolong tea and scavenged free radicals best, suggesting black tea polysaccharides might be exploited for managing diabetes.
Nutrition
Great Lakes Beaches "consistently the dirtiest"
An NRDC report counted more than 20,000 beach closing days in 2008, a fourth straight year above that mark. Great Lakes beaches tested dirtiest for the third year running, with 13 percent of beaches violating health standards; nationally 7 percent of samples failed.
Supplements
Potassium citrate prevents kidney stones in epileptic children
Among 301 children on a ketogenic diet for epilepsy, those given potassium citrate twice daily from the start were seven times less likely to develop kidney stones than those started only after blood calcium rose: 0.9 percent versus 6.7 percent, Pediatrics reports.
Diet
Mediterranean diet cuts premature death risk
In the EPIC study, Antonia Trichopoulou's team followed 23,000 healthy Greek men for an average of 8.5 years and recorded 652 deaths among those whose diets least resembled the Mediterranean pattern against 423 among those whose diets resembled it most.
Food
Whole grains prevent hypertension
Alan Flint followed 31,684 male health professionals for 18 years and recorded 9,227 new cases of hypertension. Men eating the most whole grains had a 19 percent lower incidence, and those eating the most bran a 15 percent lower incidence, than men eating the least.
Vitamins
Vitamin D fights pancreatic cancer
Taiwanese researchers report that the vitamin D analog 19-nor-1alpha,25(OH)2D2 inhibited pancreatic tumor growth in vitro and in vivo by up-regulating the p21 and p27 tumor suppressor genes. Analogs aim to deliver the effect with fewer side effects than the most active form of the vitamin.
Supplements
Vitamin D, curcumin may help clear amyloid plaques found in Alzheimer's disease (PR)
UCLA scientists and colleagues report in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease that vitamin D3, alone or with natural or synthetic curcumin, may stimulate the immune system to clear amyloid beta from the brain. The researchers describe the findings as early.
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