Sedentary mice fed a diet high in trans fat and high-fructose corn syrup showed early nonalcoholic steatohepatitis at six months and liver inflammation and bridging fibrosis at 12; six of 10 developed liver tumours. The authors conclude the lifestyle alone sufficed in these mice.
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Nutrition
Vitamins, minerals, supplements, herbs and diet: the research on how what we eat shapes our health.
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Food
Fish, fish oil supplements help prevent venous thromboembolism
Among 23,621 Tromso Study participants followed a median 15.8 years, eating fish three or more times a week tracked with 22 percent lower venous thromboembolism risk, and 48 percent lower when fish oil supplements were added. The study is observational, so cause is not established.
Supplements
Zinc supplements may help prevent otitis media
A Cochrane review found some trials in which zinc supplements cut otitis media by up to 30 percent in healthy young children, though results were inconsistent. The reviewers concluded zinc may reduce cases among poor children in developing countries, especially the malnourished.
Food
Eating fried foods too often boosts risk of diabetes mellitus, heart disease
In the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, people eating the most fried food were 55 percent more likely to develop type 2 diabetes and 21 percent more likely to develop coronary heart disease. Adjusting for weight and blood pressure weakened both links.
Diet
High fat diet bad, high fat high fructose diet even worse
Adult male rats ate a high-fat or a high-fat, high-fructose diet for two weeks. The fructose group showed higher serum triglycerides, free fatty acids, insulin and hepatic insulin resistance, plus more liver triglyceride and ceramide, steatosis and necrosis, than the high-fat group.
Food
Extra virgin olive oil reduces DNA damage induced by GM soybean
In a study of 40 male albino rats fed one of four diets for 65 days, genetically modified soybean cut DNA in the spleen, while rats given GM soy plus extra virgin olive oil stayed within the normal range. Researchers credit antioxidants in the oil.
Diet
Plant-Based Diet Reverses Heart Disease
Researchers counselled 198 cardiovascular patients to eat a diet free of meat, fish, dairy and added oils. Of the 89 percent who followed it, 81 percent had fewer symptoms and complications, participants lost an average 18.7 pounds, and 22 percent saw their condition reverse.
Food
Coffee drinking lowers risk of weight gain, diabetes mellitus
Male mice drank coffee or water for 35 weeks alongside a high-fat or normal diet. Coffee slowed weight gain dose-dependently, sped the decline of elevated blood sugar in high-fat-fed mice, and prevented the moderate weight gain seen in mice on the normal diet.
Food
Garlic and Its Effects on Health with Special Reference to the Reproductive System
Opening a book chapter, three South African physiologists trace garlic's 7,000-year history as food and medicine, from ancient Egypt to Hippocrates, and set out to examine its effects on human health with particular attention to the reproductive system.
Supplements
Probiotics prevent deadly complications of liver disease
A Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology study from Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital in New Delhi found probiotics prevented hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis patients without side effects. An editorialist says they look as effective as lactulose but better tolerated.
Supplements
Japanese white mulberry helps weight loss
In a 90-day study, 46 overweight people ate a 1,300-kcal diet; those also taking 2,400 mg of Japanese white mulberry extract lost about 9 kg, or 10% of starting weight, against 3.2 kg in the diet-only group, with bigger drops in waist size and glucose curves.
Supplements
Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may help prevent diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Comparing 51 patients with both type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease against three other groups, researchers found that group had the worst insulin resistance, liver enzyme and lipid levels, and the lowest serum omega-3 levels. Omega-3 levels tracked inversely with insulin resistance.
Food
Japanese kelp helps type 2 diabetes mellitus
Polysaccharides from Laminaria japonica lowered fasting blood glucose, raised plasma insulin and improved cholesterol in mice with chemically induced type 2 diabetes over 28 days, a study in Experimental Biology and Medicine reports. The authors call it a possible basis for a drug.
Nutrition
Garcinia cambogia prevents diet-induced renal damage
Rats fed high-fat or high-sugar diets gained weight and showed higher urea, creatinine, blood sugar, cholesterol and malondialdehyde with lower nitric oxide. Adding garcinia cambogia supplements improved body mass index, kidney function, triacylglycerol and oxidative markers.
Vitamins
Vitamin C prevents endothelial dysfunction
A Newcastle University meta-analysis of 44 trials found vitamin C supplementation improved endothelial function, with the strongest effects in patients at high cardiovascular risk. Higher doses tracked with greater improvement; trial design and baseline levels did not.
Diet
Long term use of high protein diet unhealthy
A review in ISRN Nutrition drawing on 32 studies reports that long-term high protein or high meat intake can raise the risk of bone and calcium disorders, kidney dysfunction, cancer, liver disease and coronary artery disease. The adult RDA is 0.8 g of protein per kg of body weight.
Diet
Plant-Based Foods Benefit Longevity
Among Seventh-day Adventists, non-vegetarians had a 20 percent higher mortality rate than vegetarians. Vegetarian and semi-vegetarian diets also cut greenhouse gas emissions by 29 and 22 percent compared with non-vegetarian diets.
Food
One in 10 deaths among working-age adults due to excessive drinking
A CDC report in Preventing Chronic Disease attributes one in 10 deaths among adults aged 20-64 to excessive drinking, about 88,000 deaths a year from 2006 to 2010, cutting roughly 30 years from each life. Rates ranged from 19.1 per 100,000 in New Jersey to 51 in New Mexico.
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