University of Missouri researcher Heather Leidy found women controlled glucose and insulin better after high-protein breakfasts than after lower-protein or no-protein meals. Women aged 18 to 55 ate one of three sub-300-calorie meals, or only water, on four consecutive days.
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Nutrition
Vitamins, minerals, supplements, herbs and diet: the research on how what we eat shapes our health.
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Minerals
Study: Iron consumption can increase risk for heart disease (PR)
An Indiana University study in the Journal of Nutrition found heme iron, which occurs only in meat, was associated with a 57 percent higher risk of coronary heart disease, while non-heme iron from plant and other sources showed no such association.
Minerals
Higher calcium intake may reduce body fat, mitigating genetic risk for diabetes
Researchers analyzed DNA, nutrition data and body measures in 142 African American children aged 5 to 9 and found that getting the USDA-recommended calcium intake appeared to blunt the effect of some type 2 diabetes risk genes on body fat.
Vitamins
Vitamin D lowers risk of death from diseases
Pooling 73 cohort studies and 22 randomized trials, Cambridge researchers found people in the bottom third of circulating vitamin D were 13 to 35 percent more likely to die from cardiovascular disease, cancer and all causes. Trials showed 11 percent lower all-cause mortality with vitamin D3.
Nutrition
D-Mannose for UTI Prevention Validated in a Clinical Trial
Among more than 300 women with recurrent urinary tract infections, 15 percent of those taking two grams of D-mannose daily for six months had a recurrence, against 20 percent on a low-dose antibiotic; both beat no treatment. Side effects were far less common with D-mannose.
Diet
"Paleo" Diet Leads to Worsening Cholesterol
Forty-four healthy adults followed a Paleo diet with circuit training for ten weeks; LDL cholesterol rose 12.5 mg/dL, total cholesterol 10.1 mg/dL and triglycerides slightly. The worst outcomes came in those healthiest at the start, and the authors say the diet may negate exercise gains.
Supplements
Selenium, vitamin E supplements and prostate cancer risk
In a study of 1,739 prostate cancer cases and 3,117 controls, selenium supplements raised the risk of high-grade prostate cancer by 91 percent among men who already had high selenium status. Vitamin E alone raised total risk 63 percent in men with low selenium status.
Supplements
Dietary fiber lowers death risk in myocardial infarction survivors
A Circulation study drawing on the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study links higher fiber intake after a heart attack to 25% lower all-cause mortality, with cereal fiber tied to 27% lower risk and survivors who increased intake 31% less likely to die.
Vitamins
Thiamine helps diabetes mellitus type 2
In a six-month study of 86 people with type 2 diabetes and 26 matched healthy adults, 100 mg of thiamine a day lowered total cholesterol by three months and improved lipid profile, serum creatinine and thiamine levels. The authors call it a promising adjuvant therapy.
Supplements
Spirulina helps prevent breast cancer
Among rats exposed to the carcinogen DMBA, 13% fed a Spirulina-supplemented diet developed mammary tumors against 87% of the others. Spirulina lowered Ki-67 and estrogen-alpha expression, curbed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis within 48 hours.
Supplements
L-arginine helps weight loss
In a pilot study of 20 nondiabetic obese women who took three grams of L-arginine three times a day for 12 weeks alongside lifestyle counseling, waist circumference fell from 116 to 109 cm and participants lost an average of 6.5 pounds. No side effects were observed.
Food
Fructose linked to increased fat synthesis - study
In a study from University Hospital Zurich, men consuming 40 or 80 grams of fructose a day raised serum palmitate about 20%, while the same dose of sucrose or glucose did not. High doses of both fructose and sucrose raised fasting long-chain acylcarnitines.
Food
Animal Protein May Lead to Diabetes
In the EPIC study, people eating the most animal protein were 22 percent more likely to develop diabetes than those eating the least, and each additional 10 grams of protein a day was tied to a 6 percent higher risk.
Supplements
L-Arginine helps type 2 diabetes mellitus
In diabetic rats, L-arginine supplementation preserved kidney function and improved insulin sensitivity, apparently by raising nitric oxide production, widening renal microvessels and increasing glomerular blood flow and filtration rate.
Food
Trans fat can cause type 2 diabetes mellitus
A Circulation study of 3,076 adults averaging 74 years old in the Cardiovascular Health Study found those with high total dietary trans fat intake were 40 to 50 percent more likely to be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
Diet
Saturated fat intake may raise breast cancer risk
Following 337,000 women in 10 European countries for an average of 12 years, researchers found those eating the most saturated fat were 27% more likely than low-fat eaters to develop several estrogen-driven types of breast cancer.
Supplements
Glucosamine helps logevity
A study in Nature Communications found glucosamine extended lifespan by 10 percent in aging mice and 5 percent in roundworms, apparently by mimicking a low-carb diet and speeding the breakdown of fatty acids and amino acids. Whether it does anything for humans remains unknown.
Food
Beans Benefit Heart Health
A meta-analysis of 26 randomized trials with 1,037 participants, published by the Canadian Medical Association, found LDL cholesterol dropped about 5 percent when people ate half a cup of beans a day for an average of six weeks. Typical U.S. intake is a fifth of a serving.
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