A review in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found fish, fish oil and marine omega-3s tied to lower cardiovascular and all-cause mortality across most trials and cohorts, while plant-derived alpha-linolenic acid was not. The benefit was absent in defibrillator patients.
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Page 13 of 189
Nutrition
Vitamins, minerals, supplements, herbs and diet: the research on how what we eat shapes our health.
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Food
Bitter melon can treat all sorts of diseases
A new review calls bitter melon a panacea, saying its fruit, leaves and seeds all carry medicinal properties. The authors write that studies suggest it may treat bacterial, fungal, viral and HIV infections, obesity and immune dysfunction, and may protect the liver and brain from injury.
Food
Red meat may boost gestational diabetes mellitus risk
A Diabetic Medicine meta-analysis of studies published from January 1995 to July 2015 found each one-unit rise in the iron marker ferritin was linked to a 41 percent higher risk of gestational diabetes, while two trials indicated iron supplementation did not raise the risk.
Supplements
Hesperidin plus calcium supplement prevents bone loss in postmenopausal women
In a small trial of 12 healthy postmenopausal women, a supplement combining calcium and hesperidin improved bone calcium retention by 5.5%, Purdue's Connie Weaver and colleagues report in JCEM. Hesperidin alone did not prevent bone loss in the subjects.
Supplements
B vitamins plus omega-3 fatty acids effective against cognitive decline
In a two-year trial of 266 people aged 70 and older with mild cognitive impairment, B vitamins improved global cognition, dementia rating and verbal recall only among those with high blood omega-3 levels. DHA drove the effect; omega-3s alone did not help.
Food
Eating fruit lowers erectile dysfunction risk
Among 25,096 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, 35.6% reported erectile dysfunction over four years, but higher intakes of flavones, flavanones and anthocyanins were tied to 9%, 11% and 9% lower risk, and higher total fruit intake to lower risk as well.
Food
Drinking coffee may prevent liver cirrhosis
A review of non-trial studies published before July 2015 links each additional two cups of coffee a day to a 44% lower risk of cirrhosis and a 50% lower risk of dying from it. The authors say trials are still needed to show coffee is the cause.
Food
Cruciferous vegetables prevent diabetes mellitus
A meta-analysis of seven prospective cohorts found higher cruciferous vegetable intake tracked with 16% less type 2 diabetes, independent of smoking, alcohol, body mass index and inactivity. Citrus fruit consumption showed no association.
Diet
Low carbohydrate diet linked to high diabetes mellitus risk
Among 4,502 women with a history of gestational diabetes in the Nurses' Health Study II, followed from 1991 to 2011, close adherence to a vegetable-heavy low-carbohydrate diet was tied to 19% higher risk of diabetes, and a version high in animal protein and fat to 40% higher risk.
Food
Does tea drinking cut breast cancer risk?
Among 756 breast cancer cases and 789 hospital controls, regular tea drinking showed no overall link to breast cancer, while green tea was tied to 20% higher risk. Tea tracked with 38% lower risk before menopause and 40% higher risk after it.
Food
Fructose can increase breast cancer risk
Among mice genetically prone to breast cancer, nearly 60 percent fed a sugar-rich diet developed tumors versus 30 percent on a starch-dominant diet, and the sugar-fed mice had more lung metastases. The researchers traced the effect to fructose and 12-lipoxygenase signaling, not glucose.
Food
Red meat, processed meat linked to breast cancer
A meta-analysis of 14 prospective cohorts tied the highest red and processed meat intakes to 10% and 8% higher breast cancer risk. A later analysis of 193,742 postmenopausal women in the NIH-AARP study put the increases at 25% and 27%.
Food
Prostate cancer patients should avoid eating too much saturated fat
Among 926 physicians with non-metastatic prostate cancer, taking 5% more of daily calories as saturated fat in place of carbohydrate went with 80% higher all-cause and 180% higher prostate cancer mortality. The authors say vegetable fat may lower the risk of death. Cancer Causes & Control.
Food
Eating soy lowers prostate cancer risk
Among 100 Chinese men with and without prostate cancer, those whose plasma genistein was above the median were 65% less likely to have the disease. Median genistein ran 728.6 ng/ml in men without prostate cancer against 513.0 ng/ml in those with it.
Vitamins
Vitamin C helps prevent prostate cancer
A meta-analysis of 18 cohort and case-control studies covering 103,658 subjects tied vitamin C intake to lower prostate cancer risk, with 150 mg a day linked to 20% lower risk in case-control data. A 1997 lab study found vitamin C slowed prostate cancer cell growth.
Minerals
Selenium bad for prostate cancer patients
Among 4,459 men with non-advanced prostate cancer, those taking 140 micrograms or more of supplemental selenium a day were twice as likely to die of the disease over a median 7.8 years. Risk rose with dose, while recurrence and overall mortality were not affected.
Minerals
Calcium, phosphorus boost lethal prostate cancer risk
Following 47,885 men for up to 24 years, Harvard researchers tied phosphorus intake independently to lethal and high-grade prostate cancer. Calcium above 2,000 mg a day was also associated with risk, but that link lost significance after adjusting for phosphorus.
Diet
Vegan diet linked to lower prostate cancer risk
Among 26,346 men in Adventist Health Study-2, vegans were 35 percent less likely to develop prostate cancer than men following other dietary patterns, with reductions of 37 percent in white men and 33 percent in black men.
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