Part two of a symposium on the Mediterranean diet. Tufts nutrition dean Dariush Mozaffarian argues that overall dietary patterns matter more than how much people eat or any single nutrient, and that traditional Mediterranean diets improve cardiometabolic health.
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Nutrition
Vitamins, minerals, supplements, herbs and diet: the research on how what we eat shapes our health.
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Diet
Definitions and potential health benefits of the Mediterranean diet: views from experts around the world
A forum article in which clinicians and researchers describe what counts as a Mediterranean diet in different countries and how to study its effects. Antonia Trichopoulou defines it as the pattern of the olive-growing Mediterranean before the mid-1960s, shaped by climate and hardship.
Supplements
Otostegia persica good for hypertension, diabetes, arthritis, high cholesterol
Iranian scientists reviewing studies published between 2003 and 2013 report that Otostegia persica, a plant of southern Iran, is reputed to treat diabetes, arthritis, high blood pressure and high cholesterol, and shows antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.
Supplements
Whey protein helps skeletal muscle satellite cells
In a study of 24 healthy young adults who performed 150 maximal eccentric contractions, those given hydrolyzed whey protein with carbohydrate had more type II fiber-associated satellite cells at 48 hours and faster regeneration than carbohydrate-only controls.
Supplements
Antioxidants prevent acute heart attack
A case-control study of 760 heart attack patients and 682 controls in Italy reports that dietary non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity was inversely associated with acute myocardial infarction. The authors say the results support eating more fruit and vegetables.
Food
Increased coffee intake linked to reduced diabetes mellitus risk
Across three US cohorts totalling about 123,700 people, raising coffee intake by more than a cup a day over four years went with 11 percent lower type 2 diabetes risk in the next four years, while cutting back by more than a cup went with 17 percent higher risk. Tea changes showed no link.
Supplements
Soy protein isolates versus whey protein isolates, which is better?
Rats fed whey protein for more than 12 weeks excreted more calcium and had more acidic urine than rats fed soy protein, though the groups showed no difference in kidney structure or plasma markers. The researchers suggest soy protein leaves a more alkaline plasma and urinary profile.
Minerals
Which iron supplement is better for iron deficiency anemia?
Over three months, 34 patients with iron deficiency anaemia on ferrous glycine sulphate gained 2.25 g/dL of haemoglobin, against 0.95 g/dL in 30 patients given ferric protein succinylate at the same elemental iron dose. The ferrous preparation was well tolerated and cheap.
Supplements
Sexual enhancement ingredients may induce hallucination
A review reports that sexual enhancement ingredients sold online, including yohimbine, maca, horny goat weed and ginkgo biloba, may bring mood changes, anxiety, hallucinations and addictive behavior. The authors warn this could be especially risky for users who also have psychiatric disorders.
Supplements
Melatonin reduces oxidative stress in traumatic brain
In rats with traumatic brain injury, cerebral cortex levels of beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E and glutathione fell, and melatonin treatment raised them again. The Neural Regeneration Research authors conclude melatonin appears to protect by inhibiting free radical formation.
Phytochemicals
Phytochemicals reduce skin injury caused by radiotherapy
In lab tests, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid and trans-cinnamic acid at non-toxic concentrations cut gamma-radiation skin damage by 40%, 20% and 15%. The researchers say the compounds both deactivate reactive oxygen species and aid DNA repair.
Minerals
Iodine may alleviate swelling in retinitis pigmentosa patients' retinas
In 212 patients with retinitis pigmentosa, retinal swelling from cystoid macular edema ran inversely to dietary iodine intake estimated from urine samples, Mass. Eye and Ear researchers report in JAMA Ophthalmology. They say this raises the possibility that iodine supplements could help.
Supplements
Ginkgo biloba boosts neurogenesis, helps recovery following a stroke in mice
University of Toledo researchers report that mice given Ginkgo biloba four hours after an induced stroke, then daily for a week, recovered better and had less brain damage than controls, along with more neurogenesis linked to raised hemeoxygenase 1 expression.
Phytochemicals
Drinking tea helps weight loss or prevents obesity
Decaffeinated polyphenol extracts from green, black and oolong tea lowered body weight, visceral fat and liver fat in male mice fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet. Only the green tea extract cut food intake, by about 10 percent.
Nutrition
Here is one reason why coffee prevents Alzheimer's disease
Researchers gave rats modeling Alzheimer's disease EHT, a minor non-caffeine coffee compound, for 6 to 12 months and saw substantial improvement in cognitive impairment, tau hyperphosphorylation and elevated cytoplasmic amyloid-beta.
Vitamins
Alpha-tocopherol boosts high grade prostate cancer risk
In SELECT trial data covering 1,746 prostate cancer cases, high plasma alpha-tocopherol was linked to 59% higher risk of high-grade prostate cancer, and among men also taking selenomethionine the highest levels carried 110% higher risk. Gamma-tocopherol showed no link.
Food
Sugar sweetened soda linked to seropositive rheumatoid arthritis
Women drinking one or more servings of sugar-sweetened soda a day were 63% more likely to develop seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, and 164% more likely after age 55, in an analysis of two Nurses' Health Study cohorts. Seronegative disease showed no association.
Vitamins
Vitamin A, vitamin E fight rheumatoid arthritis
Rats with induced arthritis given vitamin A or vitamin E for four weeks had significantly lower serum leptin, along with reduced TNF-alpha, IL-6 and CRP and higher IL-10. The authors say the findings may point toward a new approach to treating rheumatoid arthritis.
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