DHA, an omega-3 found in cold-water fatty fish and algae, matters most for infants in their first six months as the brain and eyes develop, which is why breast milk carries it and some formulas add it. The body makes little of it. Studies suggest fish oil may ease ADHD and depression symptoms.
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Supplements
Dietary supplements: evidence, safety and new products.
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Supplements
Omega-3 fatty acids fight neuroblastoma
A review in Pediatric Cancer argues that inflammation drives neuroblastoma growth, and that omega-3 fatty acids such as DHA and EPA counter the proliferative effects of omega-6 fats, delay tumor development in animal models and act with chemotherapy. The author calls them worth testing.
Supplements
alpha-lipoic acid, omega 3 fatty acids, vitamin E help type 2 diabetes mellitus
In a randomized, double-blind trial, people with type 2 diabetes who took alpha lipoic acid, omega-3 fatty acids or vitamin E for 90 days all significantly lowered HbA1c, with smaller drops in fasting blood glucose. The authors suggest the supplements as add-on therapy.
Supplements
Spirulina benefits: What you need to know
A primer on the blue-green algae: dehydrated spirulina runs 56 to 71 percent protein, supplies GLA and other fatty acids plus B vitamins and minerals. The piece credits it with boosting immunity and lowering cholesterol and blood sugar in type 2 diabetes.
Supplements
5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP): What you need to know
5-HTP, made in the body from tryptophan and extracted from Griffonia simplicifolia seeds, has been studied for depression, fibromyalgia, insomnia, anxiety, appetite and pain. Small trials found it comparable to some antidepressants with fewer side effects; larger studies are needed.
Supplements
Green coffee bean extract helps weight loss
A 2011 review of five trials found green coffee bean extract moderately effective for weight loss, with participants losing an average of 2.47 kg over trials of 4 to 12 weeks, though the authors say firmer conclusions need more research. A second review put chlorogenic acid doses at 81 to 400 mg.
Supplements
Dietary supplements and Alzheimer’s disease
A roundup of research citations on Alzheimer's disease: high serum homocysteine, head trauma, alcohol and tobacco appear on the risk side, while vitamin E and C, B vitamins, resveratrol, omega-3 fats and melatonin may help prevent or ease symptoms, though the studies disagree.
Supplements
Raspberry ketone helps prevent obesity - updated
A 2005 Life Sciences study fed mice a high-fat diet with 0.5% to 2% raspberry ketone for 10 weeks and found it prevented gains in body, liver and visceral fat weight. In mice already fattened, adding it for five weeks lowered those weights. The authors credit norepinephrine-induced lipolysis.
Supplements
Dietary fiber good for your health
A review in Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol reports that high fiber intake has been associated with lower risk of coronary artery disease, hypertension, obesity, diabetes and colon cancer, and that intakes above 14 grams per 1,000 kcal may bring further benefits such as less inflammation.
Supplements
Grape seed extract helps insulin resistance
Rats made insulin-resistant on a high-fat, high-fructose diet received grape seed proanthocyanidins, metformin or both. Both agents lowered high blood sugar and insulin through different pathways, and the grape seed extract reversed the metabolic changes more effectively than metformin.
Supplements
Study suggests antioxidant treatment may help NF1-linked behavioral issues (PR)
Cincinnati Children's researchers report in Cell Reports that defects in the NF1/Ras pathway drove nitric oxide production in mouse glial cells, disrupting the myelin sheath and the blood-brain barrier. The mice were hyperactive, and the authors suggest antioxidants may help.
Supplements
Tribulus terrestris extract helps erectile dysfunction
Korean researchers fed rabbits Tribulus terrestris extract for a month and saw dose-dependent relaxation of the corpus cavernosum, higher intracavernous pressure and raised cAMP, working through the nitric oxide pathway. They conclude the extract may improve erectile function.
Supplements
Tradamixina better than Tadalafil at boosting sex libido
In a BMC Surgery study, 70 men averaging 67 years old with reduced libido took either tradamixina twice daily or 5 mg tadalafil for two months. Tradamixina significantly improved libido and sexual performance; tadalafil did not.
Supplements
Not all folates are the same: Synthetic folate boosts breast cancer risk
Comparing 749 breast cancer cases with 1,434 controls, researchers found black women in the highest quartile of natural folate intake were 54% less likely to have breast cancer. Among European American women, the highest synthetic folate intake tracked with 53% higher risk.
Supplements
Nutritional supplement with ephedra/caffeine helps weight loss
In a six-month randomized trial of 167 obese adults, a Ma Huang and Kola nut supplement supplying 90/192 mg a day of ephedrine alkaloids and caffeine produced twice the weight loss of placebo and lowered LDL cholesterol. It slightly raised blood pressure and heart rate.
Supplements
Brewer's yeast lowers blood pressure in type 2 diabetes mellitus
In a 12-week trial, 84 people with type 2 diabetes took 1.8 grams of brewer's yeast or a placebo daily. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure fell by 4.1 and 5.7 in the yeast group, with no significant changes in cholesterol, LDL, HDL or triglycerides.
Supplements
Melatonin helps Alzheimer's disease
A review in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences argues melatonin may help prevent or treat Alzheimer's disease. The authors cite trials in which supplementation improved sleep, eased sundowning and slowed cognitive decline, plus lab work on amyloid and tau.
Supplements
Psyllium helps type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
In a 12-week double-blind trial of 37 patients already on a restricted diet and mostly a sulfonylurea, psyllium taken before breakfast and dinner lowered fasting blood glucose against placebo at both 3.4 and 6.8 grams, and both doses lowered HbA1c by 12 weeks.
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