Rats given a chemical carcinogen then fed freeze-dried black raspberries, their anthocyanins, or the metabolite protocatechuic acid all developed fewer esophageal tumors and less inflammation. By week 35 the whole freeze-dried berries outperformed the isolated compounds.
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Nutrition
Vitamins, minerals, supplements, herbs and diet: the research on how what we eat shapes our health.
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Phytochemicals
Cholesterol-Lowering Activity of the Major Polyphenols in Grape Seed
In laboratory tests, gallic acid, catechin and epicatechin inhibited pancreatic cholesterol esterase, bound bile acids, and at 0.2 mg/mL cut cholesterol micelle formation by about 27, 12 and 19 percent. The authors say these mechanisms could delay cholesterol absorption.
Vitamins
Gamma-tocopherol hurts lungs –new study
Northwestern researchers report gamma-tocopherol, the vitamin E abundant in soybean, canola and corn oils, goes with decreased lung function, while alpha-tocopherol in olive and sunflower oils goes with better function. Cook-Mills estimates 4.5 million Americans may have reduced lung function.
Food
Total fructose linked to high premature death risk
Among 353,751 adults aged 50 to 71 followed up to 13 years, women eating the most total sugar, total fructose and added fructose faced 13, 10 and 7 percent higher all-cause death risk; men in the top fructose group faced 6 percent higher risk. The link held for beverage sugars, not solid foods.
Vitamins
Vitamin D deficiency linked to heart disease
Among 95 patients with type 2 diabetes and no coronary artery disease, 63 percent were vitamin D deficient, and deficiency was independently associated with impaired global longitudinal strain on echocardiography. The Hong Kong authors say it may contribute to myocardial dysfunction.
Food
Red meat like beef ups stomach cancer risk
A meta-analysis of 18 studies found people in the highest category of red meat intake were 37 percent more likely to develop stomach cancer than those in the lowest, with each extra 100 grams a day tied to a 17 percent rise. None were trials, so red meat cannot be named as the cause.
Supplements
Eicosapentaenoic acid may prevent prostate cancer
Among 48 men with untreated low-risk prostate cancer, higher levels of the omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid measured in prostate tissue were associated with lower risk of progression, which occurred in 29 percent of the men at repeat biopsy. The authors call this an interim analysis.
Supplements
Phentermine plus fenfluramine offer better weight loss effect
In a 24-week double-blind trial of 81 obese people, those taking phentermine with fenfluramine lost 8.4 kg, against 4.4 kg on placebo, 7.5 kg on fenfluramine alone and 10 kg on phentermine alone. The combination group reported fewer adverse effects than those on a single drug.
Supplements
Goji berry or wolfberry helps fight influenza
In aged mice, adding 5 percent goji berry to the diet alongside flu vaccination produced higher influenza antibody titers and less post-infection weight loss than vaccine alone. The Journal of Nutrition authors suggest wolfberry may improve vaccine efficacy in older people.
Vitamins
Vitamin D may lower death risk from breast cancer
A meta-analysis of five studies found higher serum 25(OH)D at breast cancer diagnosis correlated with lower case fatality, with patients in the highest quintile 50% more likely to survive than those in the lowest. The authors urge restoring levels to 30-80 ng/ml with monitoring.
Diet
Single episode of binge drinking linked to gut leakage and immune system effects
An NIH-funded study found a single alcohol binge can let gut bacteria leak into the blood, raising levels of bacterial endotoxins and prompting the body to produce more immune cells involved in fever, inflammation and tissue destruction.
Food
Even light alcohol drinking boosts breast cancer risk - study
Following 85,089 women in Hawaii and California for 12.4 years, researchers linked 5 to 9.9 grams of alcohol a day to a 23% higher breast cancer risk, rising to 53% above 30 grams. The pattern held in most ethnic groups but not Native Hawaiian women.
Diet
SURVEY: Weight Watchers Tips the Scales for Heath Care Professionals (PR)
The Daily Meal, with MedPage Today and Everyday Health, surveyed nearly 1,000 physicians, clinicians, dietitians and nurse practitioners on twelve commercial weight-loss programs, ranking them on short- and long-term effectiveness and on whether professionals would recommend them.
Diet
Eat Like an Egyptian
A Journal of Archaeological Science study of hair, teeth and bones from Egyptian mummies found a mostly grain-based, largely vegetarian diet heavy in barley and wheat across roughly 3,000 years. The authors suspect legumes and vegetables were staples as well.
Minerals
Low Magnesium May Play Key Role in Insulin Resistance and Diabetes
Researchers have detected 3,751 magnesium-binding sites on human proteins, and more than 300 enzymes require the mineral, including those making ATP and glutathione, Mercola writes. He argues low cellular magnesium undermines metabolic function, citing studies tying it to elevated insulin.
Supplements
Grape powder helps symptomatic knee osteoarthritis
In a 16-week trial, 72 adults with knee osteoarthritis ate freeze-dried whole grape powder or placebo; the grape group reported significantly less pain, women especially. Men on grapes showed higher levels of a cartilage growth factor, an effect absent in women.
Supplements
Grape skin extract may soon be answer to treating diabetes (PR)
Preliminary Wayne State University work suggests grape skin extract inhibits hyperglycemia and could aid diabetes management. A $2.1 million NIH-funded study will gather preclinical data on its mechanisms, efficacy and safety before any translation to clinical studies.
Herbs
Chinese medicine Tianqi prevents diabetes mellitus type 2
In a 12-month trial, 420 people with prediabetes took either the Chinese herbal capsule Tianqi or a placebo. Type 2 diabetes developed in 18.2% of the Tianqi group against 29.3% on placebo, a 32% lower risk, with no severe adverse effects and no change in weight or body mass index.
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