Liu Xuebo's team reports astaxanthin restored glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity and raised total antioxidant capacity in rats, easing the oxidative stress that promotes brain aging. The authors suggest supplements or astaxanthin-rich foods may help.
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Nutrition
Vitamins, minerals, supplements, herbs and diet: the research on how what we eat shapes our health.
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Supplements
N-acetylcysteine supplementation prevents hypertension
Rats bred for spontaneous hypertension did not develop high blood pressure while given a 2 percent N-acetylcysteine solution, while untreated rats did. The Taiwanese team traced the effect to restored activity of DDAH, the enzyme that clears asymmetric dimethylarginine.
Supplements
Quercetin supplement may help type 2 diabetes mellitus
Animals fed a high-fat, high-sugar diet with quercetin at 30 mg/kg body weight daily for six weeks showed significantly lower fructosamine, basal glucose, insulin and insulin resistance than those on the diet alone.
Phytochemicals
Daidzein supplementation lowers serum triglycerides, uric acid
In a six-month trial, 210 adults aged 40 to 65 with high cholesterol took placebo, 40 mg or 80 mg of daidzein daily. Daidzein lowered serum triglycerides and uric acid, with the bigger drop in carriers of the GA genotype of ESR-beta RsaI.
Vitamins
Vitamin D supplementation lowers infection risk
In a trial of 644 Australians aged 60 to 84, those given 60,000 IU of cholecalciferol monthly were 28 percent less likely than the placebo group to be prescribed antibiotics at least once. Among participants aged 70 and older, the reduction reached 47 percent.
Food
Animal Products Linked to Cancer
An ecological study in Nutrients covering 21 cancers across 157 countries found animal product consumption associated with several of them about as strongly as tobacco is. The author points to growth promotion and high iron and fat content as possible mechanisms.
Food
High-heat treated food may boost risk of diabetes mellitus
In a Diabetes Care trial, 74 overweight women without diabetes ate a diet high or low in advanced glycation end products for four weeks; the report describes higher fasting insulin and HOMA-IR on the high-AGE diet. AGEs form in roasted, fried and baked foods browned at high heat.
Supplements
Omega 3 fatty acids plus alpha lipoic acid help Alzheimer's disease
In a 12-month trial in 32 Alzheimer's patients, omega-3 plus alpha lipoic acid slowed decline on the MMSE and instrumental daily living scores compared with placebo, and omega-3 alone slowed IADL decline. Neither affected ADAS-Cog scores or F2-isoprostane levels.
Supplements
Spirulina compounds prevent nephropathy in diabetes mellitus
In diabetic mice, oral phycocyanin at 300 mg/kg for 10 weeks protected against albuminuria and renal mesangial expansion and normalized oxidative stress markers. A second spirulina compound, phycocyanobilin, showed similar antioxidant activity at 15 mg/kg in two weeks.
Vitamins
Vitamin B2 reduces risk of breast cancer
Following 20,756 Melbourne women for an average of 16 years, researchers found those in the highest quartile of dietary vitamin B2 were 16 percent less likely to develop breast cancer, while those highest in vitamin B12 were 21 percent more likely.
Vitamins
B Vitamins and Methionine Affect Colorectal Cancer Risk
A Nutrition and Cancer study following 37,112 adults for 15 years found colon cancer risk 37% lower with low methionine and high folate intake but 37% higher with high methionine and high folate. Vitamin B6 showed a U-shaped relationship with colon cancer risk.
Supplements
Curcumin prevents fatty diet induced obesity, fatty liver, dyslipidemia
In a study in Atherosclerosis, Hasana and colleagues found curcumin cut body weight gain, body fat and uptake of oxidized LDL in mice on a high-fat diet. Medium doses reduced fatty streaks and inflammatory markers, while high doses may act as a pro-oxidant.
Supplements
Yeast hydrolysate new weapon to fight obesity?
In a Korean trial, obese adults taking 1 gram of yeast hydrolysate daily lost 2.60 kg over 10 weeks while controls gained 0.83 kg, and the supplement group ended with less total abdominal fat area. No side effects were reported.
Herbs
Halofuginone next generation chemotherapy for breast cancer?
Laboratory work in the International Journal of Oncology found halofuginone, from the Chinese herb Dichroa febrifuga, triggered apoptosis in breast cancer cells and curbed their migration and invasion by lowering MMP-9 expression. The authors call it a promising chemotherapy candidate.
Food
Berries prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus
Finnish men eating the most berries were 35 percent less likely to develop type 2 diabetes over 19 years, in a study of 2,332 men. Fruit, juices and vegetables alone showed no link, though the highest total intake of fruit, berries and vegetables carried a 24 percent lower risk.
Vitamins
Cadmium boosts breast cancer risk, antioxidant vitamins reduce its toxicity
A case-control study of 405 Japanese breast cancer patients and as many controls found women with the highest dietary cadmium were 23% more likely to have breast cancer, and 94% more likely to have ER-positive tumors after menopause.
Supplements
Garlic supplements fight hypertension
Reviewing clinical trials, Iranian researchers report that garlic supplementation lowered systolic and diastolic blood pressure, though not every trial found a benefit. They attribute the effect to hydrogen sulfide and to allicin derived from garlic.
Supplements
Antioxidant vitamins, magnesium prevent hearing loss
Among 2,592 U.S. adults surveyed in NHANES, people with high intakes of beta-carotene, vitamin C and magnesium had lower hearing thresholds at high frequencies, meaning better hearing, than those with low intakes. The authors note earlier evidence came mostly from animals.
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