A review of diet and Alzheimer's risk: epidemiological studies tie antioxidants, B vitamins, polyphenols, polyunsaturated fats, fish, fruit, vegetables and coffee to lower risk, though many randomized trials contradict them. Healthy, Japanese and Mediterranean diets track with lower risk.
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Nutrition
Vitamins, minerals, supplements, herbs and diet: the research on how what we eat shapes our health.
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Supplements
Korean bamboo salt may prevent obesity
Mice fed a high-fat diet with 4% 9x bamboo salt for eight weeks showed suppressed weight gain and lower leptin secretion, a Korean study reports. Bamboo salt, made by roasting sea salt in bamboo trunks nine times, is high in minerals including calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc.
Minerals
Zinc deficiency before conception disrupts fetal development
Penn State researchers deprived female mice of dietary zinc before conception and saw frequent pregnancy loss, embryos averaging 38 percent smaller than controls, and about half showing delayed or abnormal development, along with poorly developed placentas.
Diet
What should NAFLD patients eat?
A report in Przeglad Gastroenterologiczny advises people with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to take 40 to 50 percent of calories from complex carbohydrates, under 30 percent from mono- and polyunsaturated fat and 15 to 20 percent from protein, and to avoid fructose.
Food
Fructose linked to cardiorenal disease
Richard Johnson and colleagues hypothesize in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition that excess fructose raises the risk of hypertension, obesity, diabetes, kidney and heart disease through its metabolite uric acid, and that rodent studies may mislead.
Supplements
Grape seed extract helps prevent muscle atrophy
Mice lacking the interleukin-10 gene that drank 0.1% grape seed extract for 12 weeks gained muscle mass and showed less protein degradation and apoptosis, a BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine study reports. The authors suggest it as an auxiliary treatment for muscle loss.
Supplements
Ginger extract prevents fructose induced kidney injury
Rats drinking 10 percent fructose water and given 50 mg/kg of ginger extract daily showed less kidney injury, along with improved hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia, in a study in BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
Food
Fatty red meat, lean red meat and obesity
Zhihong Wang and colleagues analyzed 16,822 Chinese adults in the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1993 to 2011 and linked total and fatty red meat intake, but not lean red meat, to obesity risk in men. They observed no such association in women.
Minerals
Women of reproductive age should take iodine supplements
The American Academy of Pediatrics urges women of reproductive age to get enough iodine, warning that deficiency can disrupt fetal brain development and raise vulnerability to nitrate, thiocyanate and perchlorate. Only about 15% of women take iodine-containing supplements.
Vitamins
Weight loss surgery patients should use vitamin B12 supplements - review
A review in Surgery for Obesity and Related Disease finds B12 deficiency most common after bariatric surgery and calls intramuscular B12 the gold standard. Gastric bypass patients who skip injections should take high-dose oral cyanocobalamin; banding and sleeve patients need less.
Supplements
New weight loss aid as effective as orlistat?
Rats on a high-fat diet given 100 or 300 mg/kg of HT048, a blend of Crataegus pinnatifida fruit and Citrus unshiu peel extracts, twice daily for 12 weeks weighed less and had lower cholesterol, triglycerides and liver enzymes than untreated controls.
Supplements
Star fruit extract may prevent liver cancer
Mice given Averrhoa carambola (star fruit) extract at 25 mg/kg for five days before exposure to a liver carcinogen developed fewer tumours and less tumour burden, and showed stronger antioxidant enzyme activity, a study in Advances in Pharmacological Sciences reports.
Supplements
Herbal and alternative remedies for obesity or weight loss
A list of herbal and alternative obesity treatments by approach: thermogenics such as caffeine, ephedrine and green tea catechins; fat-metabolism agents including conjugated linoleic acid and garcinia cambogia; amino acids; fibers and algae; and non-surgical physical methods.
Supplements
Korean mistletoe extract helps type 1 diabetes mellitus
Korean mistletoe extract raised insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells without toxicity and lowered blood glucose in chemically induced diabetic mice. The researchers suggest it could serve as a source for developing type 1 diabetes treatments.
Supplements
Novel weight loss treatment tested
In obese rats, capsaicin-chitosan microspheres controlled body weight, body fat and serum lipids better than chitosan, capsaicin or Orlistat alone, researchers report in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. They call the combination a possible weight-loss substance.
Supplements
Plant phospholipid/lipid conjugate may prevent lung cancer
In a Carcinogenesis study, National Cancer Institute researchers gave a plant phospholipid/lipid conjugate to mice carrying an aggressive Lewis lung cancer model and saw growth fall 30 percent, with less angiogenesis and more apoptosis. They propose it as a possible chemopreventive supplement.
Diet
New Nordic diet leads to lower blood pressure, weight loss
Among 181 centrally obese adults given free food for 26 weeks, those eating the New Nordic Diet - heavy on fruit, vegetables, whole grains and fish - lost 4.7 kg against 1.5 kg on an average Danish diet and cut systolic pressure about 5 mmHg, without counting calories.
Minerals
High potassium improves endothelial function
Thirty-five healthy adults averaging 32 years old followed six-day high- and low-potassium diets in a crossover trial. The high-potassium diet significantly improved flow-mediated dilatation and lowered E-selectin within a week, but left blood pressure unchanged.
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