An Italian study reports that crocins from saffron and the crocetin esters formed after digestion showed potent anticancer activity in prostate cancer cell cultures and in xenografted nude mice, with crocetin esters more potent than saffron or crocins.
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Nutrition
Vitamins, minerals, supplements, herbs and diet: the research on how what we eat shapes our health.
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Herbs
Gurmar: What the herb can do for you?
A review of Gymnema sylvestre, the Ayurvedic herb called gurmar, covers the gymnemic acids and gurmarin behind its sweet-suppressing effect and its reported uses for diabetes, cholesterol, weight and a long list of other conditions.
Supplements
Vitamin C, green tea help arsenic poisoning
Rats given inorganic arsenic five days a week for six weeks, alongside vitamin C solution or green tea infusion, showed reduced lipid peroxidation and a smaller arsenic-induced drop in tail nerve conduction velocity. The antioxidants did not affect weight gain. Nutritional Neuroscience.
Biotics
Probiotics prevent diseases
A review in the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association reports probiotics may help prevent or treat gastrointestinal infection, inflammatory bowel disease, lactose intolerance, allergy, urogenital infection, cystic fibrosis, cancer, dental caries and periodontal disease.
Herbs
Ginger extracts improve high fructose induced renal injury
A Chinese study in rats fed high fructose reports that fructose induced kidney injury and that ginger extracts improved it. The authors attribute the protection to suppressed expression of proinflammatory cytokines.
Vitamins
Vitamin E intake critical during 'the first 1,000 days'
An Oregon State analysis argues adequate vitamin E matters most for the very young, the elderly, and women who are or may become pregnant. Maret Traber says deficiency happens more often than assumed, partly because the best sources rarely feature in American diets.
Diet
High fat diet increases Parkinson's disease risk
In mice genetically prone to Parkinson's disease, a high-fat diet significantly accelerated the onset of neurological symptoms as the animals aged, alongside obesity, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance.
Herbs
Yokukansan helps schizophrenia
A report suggests the traditional herbal medicine yokukansan may help treat schizophrenia. Several open-label clinical studies found it effective against schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychosis, and animal and neurobiology work points to antipsychotic properties in its ingredients.
Herbs
Herbs and sexual performance - review
A review of plants and plant extracts used to stimulate sexual desire, improve performance and aid spermatogenesis, classifying known phytoconstituents by chemical group and reporting what is known of their pharmacology, mechanisms of action and toxicity.
Food
Dietary nitrate boosts nitric oxide production, lower blood pressure - updated
In 12 healthy adults, beetroot juice containing 11.2 mmol nitrate raised breath nitric oxide 61% and increased peak knee extensor power; the nitrate-free control did not. The authors suggest nitrate supplementation could help lower blood pressure, since nitric oxide dilates vessels.
Diet
Hypertension and nutritional status: What to eat to prevent high blood pressure
An Annual Review of Nutrition review from Messina names excess energy intake and obesity as the main dietary risks for hypertension, along with high salt and alcohol. Potassium, polyunsaturated fat, protein, exercise, possibly vitamin D and the DASH diet may lower blood pressure.
Supplements
Green coffee bean extract prevents obesity
In mice fed a high-fat diet, green coffee bean extract reduced fat gain and reversed insulin resistance, Yonsei University researchers report. The minimum effective dose was 0.3 percent, equal to about 1.45 grams for a 60-kg person; the extract used was decaffeinated.
Vitamins
Vitamin D3 supplement prevents type 2 diabetes mellitus
In an Indian trial, prediabetic adults taking 60,000 IU of vitamin D3 plus calcium saw 10.9 percent progress to type 2 diabetes over about two years, against 26.5 percent of controls, and 41.8 percent returned to normal blood sugar versus 20.4 percent.
Supplements
Amino acid supplement helps diabetic foot wounds
A University of Nevada review and nine-patient pilot study found supplements of arginine, glutamine and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate raised tissue hydroxyproline, a collagen component, in diabetic foot ulcers, and that one reviewed trial showed better wound depth and appearance scores.
Supplements
Parenteral glutamine supplement helps acute liver injury
In 44 emergency ICU patients, those given parenteral glutamine at 0.4 g/kg daily for seven days had higher serum HSP-70 and glutamine, lower ALT, AST, bilirubin, TNF-alpha and IL-6, and higher CD3 and CD4. The authors link the raised HSP70 to better outcomes in acute liver injury.
Food
Fast food linked to gestational diabetes
A PLoS One study of 3,048 women free of diabetes at baseline found that moderate fast food consumption before pregnancy came with 31 percent higher risk of gestational diabetes, and high consumption with 86 percent higher risk, compared with women who ate little or none.
Food
Could ginger help fight Alzheimer's disease?
Giving animal dementia models 6-shogaol, a ginger compound, reduced microgliosis and astrogliosis, eased memory impairment and raised NGF levels in the hippocampus. The authors suggest it may curb glial cell activation, though the work was done in animals.
Vitamins
Vitamin D supplements may help some Alzheimer's patients
A Frontiers in Pharmacology report notes 70 to 90 percent of Alzheimer's patients are vitamin D deficient and that low levels often precede cognitive decline. It cites supplementation improving executive function and processing speed at four weeks.
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